Approved by the Infrastructure and Research Policy Committee on March 26, 2024
Approved by the Public Policy and Practice Committee on May 29, 2024
Adopted by the Board of Direction on July 18, 2024
Policy
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) supports investments in public school construction, maintenance, modernization, and upgrades to address safety, sustainability, and resiliency to hazards. ASCE also believes that the U.S. Department of Education should coordinate with state agencies and local school districts to obtain and publish nationwide statistics on current condition of school infrastructure at regular intervals.
School planning, design, construction, and operation must include resiliency and sustainability. These considerations should be supplemented by research and development of construction methods and design to meet the rapidly changing teaching environment including safety, information technology, energy efficiency, sustainability, and remote teaching. The nation’s engineering community needs to be included as an active partner in these efforts.
Governments are encouraged to explore alternative financing including lease financing, and public-private partnerships which can provide a combination of financing/ownership/use arrangements to facilitate school construction. ASCE also supports federal programs to reduce school bond interest rates. Additionally, ASCE believes school districts should:
- Focus on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) principles in the planning and design processes to evaluate the total cost of projects.
- Design new campuses for the lowest net present value cost that includes lifecycle operations and maintenance (O&M) in addition to capital construction.
- Implement building condition assessment of existing school infrastructure which should be conducted at regular intervals.
- Budget for the total cost of ownership and train facilities staff to implement these recommendations.
- Develop capital planning frameworks that can be nimble and responsive to changing technologies, socioeconomics, and demographics, to optimize learning environments, and consider the holistic needs of the community.
- Adopt regular, comprehensive major maintenance, renewal, and construction programs, and implement preventive maintenance programs to extend the life of school facilities.
- Encourage educational opportunities for school-age students to learn about sustainability, resiliency, and related technologies within the buildings.
Issue
Public schools are critical elements of our nation's infrastructure. A sustained nationwide effort is needed to be initiated to anticipate and improve adaptability of the nation’s existing and future school infrastructure, including regular maintenance, as well as targeted rehabilitation and upgrades. The federal government has not fully assessed the condition of America’s schools since 2012-2013, when it estimated that $197 billion was needed to bring facilities into a good condition. ASCE’s 2021 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure assessed schools with a D+ grade and estimated that the investment needed between 2021 and 2029 to modernize and maintain the nation’s schools is at least $370 billion.
Great strides have been made in infusing technology into schools and into the instructional process. Some school districts have invested heavily in the infrastructure required to accommodate technology. Investments in technology are critical to ensure continued learning, yet despite progress, many school districts have not been able to keep pace. Meanwhile, school districts need to upgrade air handling systems and add capacity to classrooms with outdoor classrooms, temporary buildings, or leasing new space, all with limited budgets.
Rationale
Quality education, obtained in a safe environment, is essential for the continued competitiveness and viability of our nation. The neglect of public-school buildings and their inability to support education programs erodes the American society’s ability to compete in a global market. School facilities that meet modern safety standards and the evolving needs of a school population are essential. The need to rapidly re-open schools following a catastrophic event is widely recognized by the emergency management community as a critical milestone for a community’s functional recovery. Planning, designing, constructing, and retrofitting school buildings and their infrastructure to meet or exceed the most recent building codes and standards and to specifically address local hazards is the best way to assure a safe environment for quality education.
ASCE Policy Statement 452
First Approved in 1997